Goldfoot Genealogy

Nadene Goldfoot 
Edited by Dr. Sandra Oster                                   
                         

Think of our genes (which are a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.)  sitting on a ladder with 23 pairs of  rungs called chromosomes. One slat on the rung is from your mother, the other from your father.  The first rung, called #1 is the widest rung on the ladder. It has 2,968 genes. There are 890 known diseases related to this chromosome.  Some of these diseases area:  hearing loss, Alzheimer disease, glaucoma and breast cancer.

We have 23 chromosomes that carry our genes.  The chromosomes are like steps on a ladder, with #1 being the widest step that holds the most genes.  The 23rd and last step is called either the X match which means they have a female match in common or a Y match meaning they have a male match in common.  It's the sex gene which determines our own sex.  Females have XX.  Males have XY.  The Y chromosome has the fewest genes; only 231.

All 23 rungs on the ladder which stand for the 23 chromosomes we have carry double amounts in 2 rows.  One row is from our father and the other from our mother.  It's pretty close to being even; 50-50.  Our test from FTDNA has been identifying if a match is from either parent with a little icon of a blue male or red female or purple from both; like the child would have.  Some people cannot be decided on and get no icon by their name/picture.
                                                                             
The genes come to us in little 1cM blocks, like a  single Lego block.  In genetics, a centimorgan  is a measurement for distance.  It is (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It is defined as the distance between chromosome positions (also termed loci or markers) for which the expected average number of intervening chromosomal crossovers in a single generation is 0.01. The thing is, they usually come to us stuck together with others, making a longer block called a segment.  The longer the segment, the closer you are to the person you match with them.  1 lego block is 1cM.
                                                         
             The ladder is seen by the scientists as a twisted ladder, the shape of  a double helix.
                                                                   
         
                                               

Myself with two 1st paternal cousins. Only one has tested so far. The test from GedMatch.com shows we are  a 2 generation match. True, we go back to our grandparents to find the common match.  Our parents were siblings; my father with their mothers. Our grandparents had had 5 children with one who had died in infancy.

  Here's my test result with a 1st paternal cousin.
Notice the segments are pretty long, several on one chromosome.  #1 chromosome has 4 segments.
I don't worry about the SNPs (Single Nucleotide Ploymorphisms.)  They are a very slowly mutating location that is used to define haplogroups, another factor of genetics.  That is important in identifying the clans your father or your mother belonged to.
The largest segment is on #9 chromosome. of 52.1cMs. Look below at chromosome #9.  It's a picture of the largest segment being  in this case, a long one of 52.1.  It a length of 52.1 little blocks stuck together.
The smallest segment is on #21 of 7.5cMs.
A segment of 5cMs and more is counted as an important fact.  Some people only get interested in the facts with a segment of 7cMs and more.  .  Smaller segments are not too important, possibly thought of as not as reliable scientifically.

The graph on FTDNA showing #1 chromosome match between my 1st cousin and myself: This black and yellow length is a chromosome with yellow segments on it and is the first chromosome called #1.  When you are on your page in Family Tree DNA's website, you would see this and all the other 22 chromosomes.  I'm showing you this one because the table below shows 4 large segments on #1 chromosome listed separately with the start and end location and how many cMs they have as well as how many SNPs that chromosome has.. 

The Table-below

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
1	3,052,221	25,801,522	44.8	6,612
1	53,581,281	69,237,989	22.1	4,484
1	74,788,735	90,271,128	14.6	3,815
1	149,227,054	163,867,989	21.2	4,088
2	84,202,139	106,046,373	10.3	3,041
2	193,725,959	223,565,798	33.9	6,378
2	223,581,059	233,766,809	14.4	2,341
4	61,566	6,048,415	10.4	1,413
4	139,776,818	173,159,377	34.4	6,286
5	2,711,026	9,426,448	17.1	2,343
5	29,372,002	55,864,542	23.0	4,971
5	153,966,655	180,623,543	45.7	6,994
6	3,653,477	20,272,175	32.2	4,958
6	74,007,746	91,078,586	10.5	3,373
6	126,393,744	137,403,363	11.6	2,349
6	154,838,664	161,802,211	9.6	2,104
7	29,887,885	45,266,280	19.7	3,835
8	6,006,187	12,761,447	11.6	1,917
8	23,060,574	31,234,783	11.9	2,354
8	103,773,672	125,812,954	19.0	4,408
9	81,797,685	123,377,583	52.1	10,912
9	124,006,082	134,328,607	15.2	2,497
10	85,994,218	103,089,567	16.5	4,577
10	128,065,109	135,297,961	18.9	2,714
12	116,636,547	124,168,929	9.3	1,758
14	30,341,495	42,197,431	16.8	2,771
14	89,899,082	106,345,097	34.6	4,453
15	18,331,687	40,097,819	42.3	5,070
16	64,956,434	80,257,464	22.4	4,230
17	12,344	7,964,962	22.0	2,537
18	6,414,209	32,274,392	40.6	6,428
18	71,869,832	74,401,062	8.0	971
19	3,713,698	33,398,855	36.2	5,038
20	57,539,142	62,374,274	16.5	1,588
21	9,849,404	16,035,905	7.5	569
21	16,591,440	35,444,863	32.8	5,231
22	37,722,196	49,528,625	28.0	3,818

Largest segment = 52.1 cM
Total of segments > 7 cM = 837.6 cM
37 matching segments
Estimated number of generations to MRCA = 2.0 MOST RECENT COMMON ANCESTOR


Here's the test with the same cousin and my daughter to see what she inherited .
 How did she match the  #3 chromosome?  I didn't have a match on #3 so how could she inherit it from me?  I thought I pass genes to my daughter.  How did she inherit 7.1cMs on chromosome number 3?  Wouldn't they have come from her father, then?  
She inherited some segments in the same piece that I passed to her, but most had lost some cMs.in the passing to her..  She gained #3's matching chromosome segment that I didn't have, I thought.  
My son did not have a match with my 1st cousin on #3.

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
1	3,025,087	12,086,665	19.3	2,788
1	74,942,731	90,347,366	14.6	3,835
1	149,581,003	163,732,848	20.9	3,965
2	82,974,238	106,005,245	10.8	3,251
2	193,071,967	219,949,518	27.9	5,530
3	36,495	2,749,996	7.1	1,097
4	139,776,818	173,159,377	34.4	6,299
5	29,249,005	36,391,583	11.1	1,897
5	153,879,500	172,829,402	29.0	4,943
6	3,362,642	19,807,420	32.4	4,877
6	126,393,744	137,332,306	11.5	2,347
6	154,838,664	161,802,211	9.6	2,129
8	23,253,923	31,234,783	11.5	2,309
8	117,536,189	125,770,106	11.4	2,082
10	85,614,149	99,641,440	13.5	3,854
10	127,998,547	135,297,961	19.1	2,761
14	89,499,502	106,345,097	35.7	4,560
15	34,667,910	40,092,334	8.1	1,498
16	64,462,524	80,294,248	23.0	4,475
18	6,414,209	9,689,833	13.6	1,233
18	71,869,832	74,397,540	8.0	986
21	9,849,404	16,035,905	7.5	568
21	16,285,114	26,701,936	19.2	2,892

Largest segment = 35.7 cM
Total of segments > 7 cM = 398.8 cM
23 matching segments
Estimated number of generations to MRCA = 2.6

My brother had inherited 2 large segments on chromosome #3 .They aren't the same segments that I had matched with our cousin and are big ones, too. Siblings don't  always match the same segments with other people just because they are siblings.
.

3	3,391,536	44,079,879	56.6	11,481
3	129,663,879	193,357,386	74.4	13,730

                                                                           

                                 Our Goldfoot Family Tree
Notice the unusual names below.  They are how our ancestors were listed in the Lithuanian records.  Every 10 years or so their names appeared in a different spelling of the first letter.  ben means son of, which helped to identify their parents.   
1  Iankel Yankel ben Abram Goldfusb: 1768 in Telsai, Telsiai, Kaunas, Lithuaniad: December 06, 1860 in Telsliai, Telsiai, Kaunas, Lithuania
..+Khana Unknownb: Abt. 1778 in Telsiai, Telsiai, Kaunas, Lithuania
.2  Abram Goldfusb: Abt. 1797 in Telsiai, Telsiai, Kaunas, Lithuania
.....3  Mendel Goldfusb: 1800
.....3  Leyba Abramov Goldfusb: 1819 in Papile, Siauliai, Kaunas, Lithuania
.........+Feyge Ioselevab: 1820
.....3  Ginda Abramovna Goldfusb: Abt. 1820 in Telsiai, Lithuaniad: January 15, 1869 in Telsiai, Lithuania
.....3  Golda Abramovna Goldfusb: 1836 in Telsiai, Lithuaniad: April 12, 1911 in Telsiai, Lithuania
.2  [3] Iosel Josel Symka ben Yankel Goldfusb: 1798 in Telsiai, Telsiai, Kaunas, Lithuania, Russiad: December 19, 1878 in Telsiai, Telsiai, Kaunas, LithuaniaOccupation: 1851 3rd guild merchant;
.....+Rashab: Abt. 1798 in Telsiai, Telsiai, Kaunas, Lithuania, Russiad: Bef. 1876 in Telsiai, Lithuania
.....3  [1] Avrohom Abraham Haim Goldfusb: Abt. 1820 in Telsiai/ Vilna, LithuaniaOccupation: Corn Merchant into Moscow

Our 3rd cousin match goes back to Iankel Yanken ben Abram Goldfus as his gggrandfather.
My 1st cousin and I go back to Iosel Josel Symka ben Yankel Goldfus as our gggrandfather.  Iosel is the son of Iankel.

1, A generation:  about 25 years
2 generations ago;  grandfather-your father's father or your mother's father ...2 grandmothers, 2 grandfathers
3  generations ago;  ggrandfather- your grandfather's father......  4 ggrandmothers, 4 ggrandfathers
4  generations ago;  gggrandfather-your ggrandfather's father  8 gggrandmothers, 8 gggrandfathers
5  generations ago;  ggggrandfather:  the white circle in the chart below, needed to find 4th cousins.  Your gggrandfather's father.  16 ggggrandmothers and 16 ggggrandfathers

                                         Chart to Find 4th Cousins                       
Our 3rd cousin, another Goldfoot, matches like this:
1. Find your circle which is black.  Your father is above YOU in green.  His father is above the green and is red.
2. The red circle is your grandfather.  Your father's brother had a child which is also green and labeled as 1C (first cousin).
3. To find a 2nd cousin, you must go to your grandfather's father which is blue on the chart.
The child of his brother would be the first cousin of your father's brother.
1C in the white circle's child is your 2nd cousin (2C).

 On the above chart one can see how to locate a 1st, 2nd, 3rd and even a 4th cousin.  Therefore, to find our 3rd cousin on our tree, we have to look at our gggrandfather (the orange) who is the father of our ggrandfather and his descendants.  Iosel or Josel Symka ben Yankel Goldfus born 1798 should be our common ancestor.

                                                                Matching my 1st cousin
                           TRIANGULATION-on chromosome 2  
        216,044,195.......................................................................241,324,642  3rd cousin (47.8cMs)
      193,071,967.................................... ...................219,949,518                     my daughter(27.9cMs)
      193,725,959...............................................................223,565,798         Me ( 33.9cMs)           

When you share the same segment with 2 other people, this is called a triangulation.
You use triangulation in seeing who is part of your family.

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
2	28,614,418	34,742,899	8.6	1,844
2	216,044,195	241,324,642	47.8	6,719
5	55,766,345	84,196,459	30.1	6,133
9	134,011,429	140,145,149	19.5	1,893
10	92,947,202	101,347,625	8.7	2,332
11	129,114,448	131,952,204	8.6	1,013
14	42,939,019	57,527,999	14.5	3,564
17	45,683,412	51,515,464	7.1	1,391

Largest segment = 47.8 cM
Total of segments > 7 cM = 144.8 cM
8 matching segments
Estimated number of generations to MRCA = 3.3

Research:  https://www.mrsec.psu.edu/sites/mrsec.psu.edu/files/dna_determines_your_appearance.pd
Book: DNA & Genealogy by Colleen Fitzpatrick & Andrew Yeiser 

Nadene Goldfoot                             

We have 23 chromosomes.  Scientists have numbered them.  The #4 chromosome bears  the Sephardic origin segment I match with  another female..  I match this person on #1, too. Our common ancestor lived at least 6 generations ago which would take us to about the year of 1868 when my ggrandparents were in  Lithuania.  The other match has recent ancestors that were Ashkenazic Jews like mine, and were in Poland and Belarus, which were part of the Pale of Settlement.  My Ashkenazic ancestors as far as I had discovered were from Poland and Lithuania, also in the Pale.

Jews were in Spain since 70 CE at the time of Rome's destruction of our 2nd Temple in Jerusalem.  By 1492 the Spanish Inquisition was in full swing and Jews had to leave the country or convert.  Some went underground, hiding their religion from others.  Some went to Portugal where a few years later they too had to leave or convert.

To discover that a segment matches someone's Sephardic segment is a new twist to my DNA education.  To me, this is amazing ability to pinpoint the origins.  Triangulation was used to do so.

We  received this Sephardic ancestry segment from Sephardim of Spain or Portugal who have entered into Hispanic communities such as Columbia. 
                                                                     
Since I was a little girl, I took dancing lessons.  At 4 or 5 I danced a Spanish dance on Battleship Oregon.  When I was about 13 I began Spanish dancing lessons from Theresa Stopper in Portland, which included the costuming, high heels and the castanets we clicked away with that were tied to our fingers. That kept up until I graduated high school.  Above is more of a Spanish gypsy dance we did.   I love both Spanish music and Russian music!  It's full of feeling!  Maybe it's because I have that teeny bit of a segment from my Sephardic ancestor.


Comparing Kit TIIIIII(LD) and T969950 (Nadene Goldfoot)  5th cousins determined by FTDNA

Minimum segment cM to be included in total = 7.0 cM

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
1	114,686,762	145,543,907	7.1	1,695
4	25,786,470	36,779,975	11.3	1,957

Largest segment = 11.3 cM
Total of segments > 7 cM = 18.4 cM
2 matching segments
Estimated number of generations to MRCA = 4.8
On FTDNA, it looks like this: 

4

26066069

36606449

9.66

1978

My son's match to #4 as well.  This fits into the perimater of my segment.  

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
4	26,961,104	36,583,696	8.5	1,699

Largest segment = 8.5 cM
Total of segments > 7 cM = 8.5 cM
1 matching segments
Estimated number of generations to MRCA = 6.9
On FTDNA, it looks like this:

4

26982600

36063994

8.14

1678

My daughter matches  my match on #1   but not #4.She got more SNPs out of the deal than I did, I see though her segment was slightly smaller.  Hmmm.   

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
1	114,686,762	145,448,349	7.1	1,701

Largest segment = 7.1 cM
Total of segments > 7 cM = 7.1 cM
1 matching segments
Estimated number of generations to MRCA = 7.5

To see if my sibling matched my match, I saw he didn't if I continued to use 7cMs as a minimum to show up, so I changed the tool to show all by using 1 instead of 7.  Look what happened.
Here, #4 chromosome is NOT A MATCH.  Neither is #1.  However, they have matches worthy of a cousin relationship that are 5cMs or bigger.  I'll take the 4.9cm segment, too.  

Chr	Start Location	End Location	Centimorgans (cM)	SNPs
1	77,039,264	80,831,841	3.1	844
1	106,552,326	110,590,348	4.4	1,019
2	187,918,651	190,964,128	1.2	521
2	194,868,883	201,173,536	4.6	1,102
3	33,883,903	36,933,999	1.9	620
3	102,279,332	108,441,535	4.9	1,213
4	92,881,448	96,370,981	1.7	577
5	99,300,639	102,742,754	2.2	521
6	39,150,312	41,839,155	5.3	849
7	13,996,264	15,679,944	2.8	517
7	98,281,889	100,386,197	1.2	507
8	66,183,286	69,205,464	2.1	549
9	1,257,493	2,402,296	4.1	601
12	41,287,383	44,818,128	2.5	695
12	53,692,096	56,891,043	2.7	678
12	69,230,517	72,072,220	1.6	622
13	60,159,811	62,890,418	1.2	551
14	34,227,935	37,250,564	3.2	645
14	89,491,246	91,716,795	4.4	539
16	72,121,089	76,535,568	5.2	1,239
21	14,743,816	16,696,404	4.8	567

Largest segment = 5.3 cM
Total of segments > 1 cM = 65.2 cM
21 matching segments 

Since 2014, I've known that: "One of the latest bits of news about our Goldfus/Goldfoot autosomal DNA test is that it shows a connection to Italy and to the Kalonymus family who were a very famous Italian family who originated from Lucca, Italy and who established themselves in Mainz, Germany. "  Could this Sephardic connection be the Kalonymus Italian line?  

4/4/18 I've just found out I match another Sepharic lady informed again by researcher and author, Kevin Allen Brook; Castillo from an ancestry (A) test matching on chromosome #16 with 7.8cMs.  My son matched on #16 with 8.0cMs and my daughter matched on #16 with 7.8cMs AND #6 with 4.3cMs #16 was the same segment. Then I checked other members of my family.  My brother matched #16 with 7.7cMs. A cousin Anthony matched on #16 with 7.8cMs. My daughter in law matched my daughter's match on #6 with 1.4cMs-so small it is not to be considered-not the same segment as my daughter's.  
#16   29,066,936.....50,503,620      7.8cMs  786 SNPs My match.  
         28,458,158.....50,435,924      8.0cMs  823 SNPs son's match
         28,949,515.....50,440,889      7.8cMs  788 SNPs daughter's match
         29,066,936.....50,435,924      7.7cMs  789 SNPs brother
         29,066,936.....50,508,576      7.8cMs  799 SNPs cousin  A once removed

#6     70,604,373......75,901,320     4.3cMs  670 SNPs daughter's match

Update:  Another match: kit half Ashkenazi and half Sephardi and we match on this chromosome: 

Nadene Goldfoot

1

115697264

144976736

5.9

The Sephardi match above:  Now I don't think this was Sephardi but Ashkenazi. 

1

114,686,762

145,543,907

7.1

1,695

Resource: GedMatch.com
Kevin Alan Brook 
http://goldfoot_genealogy.blogspot.com/2014/06/autosomal-test-showing-italian.html

Nadene Goldfoot                                            

On IBDs.  Identical by Descent.  
Gusev et al (2011) reported that in Ashkenazi Jews “the entire segment of chromosome 6, between 25 and 35 Mb (megabases-a unit of physical distance) , is shared among individuals unrecombined at least 4-fold more than any other region in the genome”.

Peaks of IBD sharing over 5 cMs in size were seen on chromosomes 9 and 19 in Ashkenazi Jews.

AncestryDNA analysed the matches of over half a million US customers genotyped on an Illumina OmniExpress chip (~700,000 SNPs) and found that in certain regions of the genome hundreds and sometimes thousands of people were predicted to share DNA with each other. The problem was particularly pronounced in customers of Jewish ancestry and in some people of Hispanic descent, but the problem was observed across all ethnic groups. They concluded that these regions of identical DNA were likely to be attributed to a shared ethnic history rather than recent common ancestry. 

Segment size:
30 cMs 0f a segment stands a 90% chance of coming from 6 generations ago
20-30 cMs                               50%
12-20 cMs                               20%
6-12 cMs                                  5%
6 cMs                                       1%  

In a study of a European subset of the Population Reference Sample (POPRES) dataset it was estimated that for the most part IBD blocks

 longer than 4 cM come from 500 to 1,500 years ago, and blocks

 longer than 10 cM are within the last 500 years.

I"ll look for blocks of 10cMs or more to hope to find a common ancestor.  However, "In general it will be difficult to find the genealogical connection with the majority of your matches under about 15 cMs." Then let's hope to find segments of 20 cMs or more for matches.  
Resource: http://isogg.org/wiki/Identical_by_descent

The techniques of triangulation, chromosome mapping, and phasing can be used to distinguish between IBD segments and non-IBD segments. 

Triangulation was used in the Halpern & Branches group of FTDNA.  through GedMatch.com .  http://isogg.org/wiki/Identical_by_state 

The blog article by Ann Turner, https://segmentology.org/2015/10/02/anatomy-of-an-ibs-segment/, tells how to triangulate.  Besides that, it explains much more.  One needs to study this.  
More on :
http://dna-footprints.com/the-abcs-of-dna-ibd-vs-ibs/.

When we have a DNA segment that matches another person we cannot be sure that it is a real match unless it is also a match to a third person who matches both of us at that spot. This is called triangulation.  http://blog.kittycooper.com/2014/10/when-is-a-dna-segment-match-a-real-match-ibd-or-ibs-or-ibc/

So many questions come up with very wee segments that are shared.  What does it mean?  This is for all people, not just Ashkenazi Jews:  http://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics.  Below shows the % shared between these distant cousins.   These are not even of 1.0cM but less.

0.000763%

0.05cMs

8th cousins

Degree 17